Normality Calculator

The normality calculator assists in determining the concentration of solute in a solution, measured in equivalents per liter. Normality (N) is the gram equivalent concentration, considering both molar concentration and equivalence factor. This is particularly useful in medical science and chemistry for reporting solution concentrations.

Definition and Units of Normality:

Normality (N) is expressed as the concentration of solute in gram equivalents per volume of the solution. For a solution containing ‘x’ grams of solute, the normality equation is given by:

�=Mass of soluteEquivalent weight×Volume of solutionN=Equivalent weightMass of solute​×Volume of solution

The units of normality are “eq/L” or “meq/L,” where 1 eq/L is equivalent to 1 N. The equivalent weight (Eq. wt.) of a solute can be calculated using its molecular weight and valency:

Eq. wt=Molecular wt. of soluteValencyEq. wt=ValencyMolecular wt. of solute​

Normality vs. Molarity:

Normality and molarity (M) are related but distinct terms. Molarity represents moles of substance per volume of solution, while normality represents equivalent weight per liter of solution. The relationship between normality and molarity is given by:

�×Eq. wt.=�×Molecular massN×Eq. wt.=M×Molecular mass

Normal concentration is always greater than its molar counterpart. Both concepts are crucial for reporting concentrations during titrations and medical serums.

Using the Normality Calculator:

To calculate normality for 1 g of sodium bicarbonate dissolved in 3 liters of water:

1. Enter the mass of solute (1 g).
2. Fill in the equivalent weight of Na₂CO₃ as 52.95 eq/g (calculated from the molecular mass).
3. The normality is then obtained by dividing the product by the volume of the solution.

�=152.95×3=0.006295 eq/LN=52.951​×3=0.006295eq/L

Alternatively, the calculator can be used to determine the amount of solute needed to achieve a concentration of 1 N.

FAQ:

• What is normality?
• Normality is the ratio of the solute’s equivalent weight to the solution volume, measured in eq/L or meq/L.
• How do I calculate normality?
• Calculate normality by finding the mass and equivalent weight of the solute, then dividing the mass by the equivalent weight and further dividing by the volume of the solution.
• Normality for 2 g of N₂ in a 500 ml solution:
• The normality is 0.1428 eq/L, calculated as 228.014×0.5=0.142828.014×0.52​=0.1428 eq/L or 0.1428 N.
• Difference between molarity and normality:
• Normality considers the equivalent weight of the solute, while molarity deals with the molar mass. The two are related by �×Eq. wt.=�×Molar massN×Eq. wt.=M×Molar mass.